Spain ruled by
Muslims began in the reign of Caliph Al-Walid bin Abdul Malik (705-715 AD), he
was one of the caliphate from the Umayyads dynasty based in the city of
Damascus (Syrians). Prior
ruled Spain (Andalusia), Islamic armies had first mastered North Africa to be
used as a stepping stone to be able to master Spanish. North
Africa capitulated in the reign of Caliph Abdul Malik (685-705), who is the
father of the Caliph Al-Walid. Mastery
of North Africa led by two brave Muslim commander is commander Hasan Ibn Musa
Ibn Numan and Nusair. His
next Numan ibn Hasan was appointed governor of North Africa, which was then
replaced by Musa Ibn Nusair.
In an effort to conquer and rule the Spanish Umayyad dynasty sent three lions Desert warlord and hero of Islam, they are Tharif bin Malik, Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa ibn Nusair. Forces commander Tharif bin Malik departed first, commander Tharif more accurately described as a pioneer and investigator. With five hundred men led the army, and the army Tharif move to Spain with four ships riding provided by Julian (governor Septah region). In the raid Tharif not get against it, after getting the victory he returned to North Africa with the spoils of war.
In the year 711 AD, governor of North Africa, Musa ibn Nusair Islam sent troops to Spain under the command of Commander Tariq bin Ziyad to the amount of seven thousand troops. By riding boats loaned by Julian, Tariq bin Ziyad forces up on Spanish soil. A mountain of Tariq first time and landed his troops and prepare the troops, was named Jabal Tariq (Gilbraltar). In a battle at a place called Bakkah, Tariq bin Ziyad forces managed to defeat the king of kings Goliath and his brother Roderick of Christian kingdoms Gothic (Goth), which is in power in Spain. After that successive Islamic forces managed to control the cities of strategic importance such as Cordova, Granada and Toledo (capital of Gothic empire). Formerly commander Tariq ibn Ziyad has received reinforcements from the governor of Musa bin Nusair of 5000 troops, bringing the total number of Islamic forces numbered 12,000 people around her. While the Christian army Gothic force of 100,000 troops, in this battle the Muslims get the win despite losing the number.
From Africa, the governor of Musa bin Nusair also moving towards Spain. He managed to conquer Sidonia, Karmona, Seville, Merida and Orihuela. Musa bin Nusair his next and his men joined Tariq ibn Ziyad in Toledo. Both of these Muslim leaders managed to control Sanyol north and almost all parts of the city of Zaragoza Spain began to Navarre.
Dear Readers Ababil .. maybe after reading the story above were history, the Muslims ruled Spain and so easy to get many victories. It is not in spite of several supporting factors are:
1. The last king of the Spanish Gothic Christian kingdom Roderick being intolerant of other faiths. As many religious Jews who were forced to convert to Christianity, who are not willing to convert to Christianity brutally murdered.
2. The absence of equality, justice and cruelty loss Roderick king is beyond the limits of humanity, so that the little people feel oppressed. The arrival of the Muslims in Spain are considered as liberators interpreter. Even then the Spanish people themselves to provide assistance to the Muslims.
3. Political discord in the country Spain, due to its Toledo governor and governor named Witiza Septah named Julian behind supporting Islamist forces and attacked the king Roderick.
Meanwhile, in the year 750 AD, the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus succeeded in roll and tear down by rebel forces led by Abdullah Al Saffah (750-1258 AD) who is a descendant of the Prophet's uncle Abbas ibn Abdul called Multhalib, which further established the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad Iraq. Last Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty called Mawan bin Muhammad be killed by the Abbasid forces in Egypt. One of the Umayyad descent to escape to Spain which is still under the control of the Umayyad dynasty. The lucky prince was named Abdurrahman Al Dakhil, better known by his Abdurrahman I.
Here below is the famous caliph who ruled in Spain include:
1. Abdurrahman Al Dakhil (755M-886M)
At this time his rank was used or governor Amir Abdurrahman founded a mosque in Cordova and well established schools in Spain. Christians are given religious tolerance, granted permission to establish the church, the courts themselves, boarding monks and monasteries.
1. Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad (832-886 AD)
2. III or Abdurrahman Wahid An-Nasir (912-961M).
Abdurrahman III began using the title Caliph, at this time the Muslims in Spain reached the height of glory. He founded the university library Cordova and Cordova. At this time the capital of the kingdom centered in Cordova.
1. Hakam II (961-976 AD)
At this time the works of scientific and philosophical import of the East in large numbers, so Cordova with the university and its library capable of rivaling Baghdad as a center of Islamic scholarship. Last Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty is Hisham II who ruled from 976-1009 AD Umayyad dynasty after dynasty was replaced by Murabhitun.
1. Yusuf bin Tasyfin (1062-1086 AD)
Yusuf bin Tasyfin from Murabhitun dynasty from North Africa, he moved the capital to Marakesy.
1. Abd Al-Munim (1146-1212 AD)
Abd Al-Munim from the Almohads dynasty succeeded dynasty seized power from Murabhitun. In 1212 the Christian forces suffered major kemenagan Las Navas de Tolesa, successive defeats led Almohads dynasty rulers were forced to flee back to North Africa in the year 1235 AD In the year 1238 AD, the city of Cordova which is the center of Islamic civilization in Spain fell to the Christian forces, followed by the city of Seville in 1248 AD throughout Spain again successfully controlled by Christian forces except the city of Granada.
After Almohads dynasty returned to North Africa, Islamic rule in Spain was replaced by Bani Ahmar (1232-1492M) which only power in the city of Granada alone. At that time Islam again progressed as in the An-Nasir Abdurrahman, but then there was a dispute between the caliph Saad ibn Ahmar with his son named Abu Abdullah Muhammad. Abu Abdullah was not happy because it shows his other brother became caliph replacement.
In a crisis arises rebellion was led by Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Saad succeeded in killing the caliph Ahmar. His next he was replaced by Mohammed bin Saad who is the younger brother of Abu Abdullah himself. Abu Abdullah whose ambition to become caliph immediately asked for help from the Christian Spanish authorities named Ferdinand and his consort Queen Isabella. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella got rid of the caliph Muhammad ibn Sa'd and Abu Abdullah Muhammad. So ended Muslim rule in Spain in 1492 AD Muslims are faced with two choices: convert to Christianity or leave Spain. In 1609 AD, virtually no more Muslims in this area.
In the field of culture and science, Spanish Andalusian Islamic empire based in Cordova delivered many Islamic leaders are:
1. Philosophy
The main character in the history of Arab-Spanish philosophy is Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Al Sayigh better known as Ibn Bajja, born in Saragosa who later moved to Seville and Granada. In a very young age, he died in the city of Fez because of poisoning in 1138 AD The results of his work include Tadbir al-Mutawahhid. Another character is Abu Bakr bin Thufail from Wady ash east of Granada, he died in 1185. Abu Bakr bin Thufail much writing about medicine, astronomy and philosophy. Her masterpiece is the famous Hay ibn Yaqzhan. Philosophy's most famous character called Ibn Rushd (Averusd) of Cordova. He was born in the year 1126 AD and died in 1198 AD, he spent many years researching the philosophy of harmony with philosophy and religion. Among his other works of al-Mujtahid Bidayah.
1. Field of science and science
- Abbas Bin Farnas, chemistry expert and Astronomy. He was the first to discover the manufacture of glass stones.
- Ibrahim bin Yahya Al-Naqqas known in the science of astronomy, he can estimate when the eclipse. Finding modern binoculars to determine the distance between the solar system and the stars.
- Ahmad bin Ibas in Cordova is an expert in the field of medicine.
- Umm Al Hasan bint Abi Jakfar medicine is one of the leading Islamic women.
1. Field History and geography
- Ibn Jubair of Valencia (1145-1228 AD), wrote about the Muslim countries in the Mediterranean and Sicilia.
- Ibn Batuthah of Tangier (1304-1377 AD) was a historian of Islam who reached Pasai Ocean and China.
- Ibn al-Khatib (1317-1374 AD) managed to put together a history of the history of the city of Granada.
- Ibn Khaldun of Tunisia, was born in the year 1332 AD Formulating history later settled in Spain, he died in Baghdad Iraq in the year 1406 AD Her essays include Al Ihbar.
1. Field of Fiqh
Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain adheres to understand Maliki Fiqh famous Spanish figures are Ziyad ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn Yahya, Abdurrahman ibn Hisham, Ibn Hazm, Abu Bakr Ibn Al Quthiyah, Munzir Ibn Said Al-Baluthi.
1. Field Music and Arts
Her characters include Hasan ibn Nafi famous for his Zaryab.
1. Language and Literature
Her characters include Sayyidih Ibn Ibn Malik, Ibn Khuruf, Ibn Al-Hajj, Abu Ali al-Isybili.
Until now, Muslims anywhere in the world still remember the greatness of the Islamic kingdom of Andalusia in Spain, the advancement of civilization and science to be an example for Christians and Europe.
In an effort to conquer and rule the Spanish Umayyad dynasty sent three lions Desert warlord and hero of Islam, they are Tharif bin Malik, Tariq bin Ziyad and Musa ibn Nusair. Forces commander Tharif bin Malik departed first, commander Tharif more accurately described as a pioneer and investigator. With five hundred men led the army, and the army Tharif move to Spain with four ships riding provided by Julian (governor Septah region). In the raid Tharif not get against it, after getting the victory he returned to North Africa with the spoils of war.
In the year 711 AD, governor of North Africa, Musa ibn Nusair Islam sent troops to Spain under the command of Commander Tariq bin Ziyad to the amount of seven thousand troops. By riding boats loaned by Julian, Tariq bin Ziyad forces up on Spanish soil. A mountain of Tariq first time and landed his troops and prepare the troops, was named Jabal Tariq (Gilbraltar). In a battle at a place called Bakkah, Tariq bin Ziyad forces managed to defeat the king of kings Goliath and his brother Roderick of Christian kingdoms Gothic (Goth), which is in power in Spain. After that successive Islamic forces managed to control the cities of strategic importance such as Cordova, Granada and Toledo (capital of Gothic empire). Formerly commander Tariq ibn Ziyad has received reinforcements from the governor of Musa bin Nusair of 5000 troops, bringing the total number of Islamic forces numbered 12,000 people around her. While the Christian army Gothic force of 100,000 troops, in this battle the Muslims get the win despite losing the number.
From Africa, the governor of Musa bin Nusair also moving towards Spain. He managed to conquer Sidonia, Karmona, Seville, Merida and Orihuela. Musa bin Nusair his next and his men joined Tariq ibn Ziyad in Toledo. Both of these Muslim leaders managed to control Sanyol north and almost all parts of the city of Zaragoza Spain began to Navarre.
Dear Readers Ababil .. maybe after reading the story above were history, the Muslims ruled Spain and so easy to get many victories. It is not in spite of several supporting factors are:
1. The last king of the Spanish Gothic Christian kingdom Roderick being intolerant of other faiths. As many religious Jews who were forced to convert to Christianity, who are not willing to convert to Christianity brutally murdered.
2. The absence of equality, justice and cruelty loss Roderick king is beyond the limits of humanity, so that the little people feel oppressed. The arrival of the Muslims in Spain are considered as liberators interpreter. Even then the Spanish people themselves to provide assistance to the Muslims.
3. Political discord in the country Spain, due to its Toledo governor and governor named Witiza Septah named Julian behind supporting Islamist forces and attacked the king Roderick.
Meanwhile, in the year 750 AD, the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus succeeded in roll and tear down by rebel forces led by Abdullah Al Saffah (750-1258 AD) who is a descendant of the Prophet's uncle Abbas ibn Abdul called Multhalib, which further established the Abbasid dynasty in Baghdad Iraq. Last Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty called Mawan bin Muhammad be killed by the Abbasid forces in Egypt. One of the Umayyad descent to escape to Spain which is still under the control of the Umayyad dynasty. The lucky prince was named Abdurrahman Al Dakhil, better known by his Abdurrahman I.
Here below is the famous caliph who ruled in Spain include:
1. Abdurrahman Al Dakhil (755M-886M)
At this time his rank was used or governor Amir Abdurrahman founded a mosque in Cordova and well established schools in Spain. Christians are given religious tolerance, granted permission to establish the church, the courts themselves, boarding monks and monasteries.
1. Abdurrahman ibn Muhammad (832-886 AD)
2. III or Abdurrahman Wahid An-Nasir (912-961M).
Abdurrahman III began using the title Caliph, at this time the Muslims in Spain reached the height of glory. He founded the university library Cordova and Cordova. At this time the capital of the kingdom centered in Cordova.
1. Hakam II (961-976 AD)
At this time the works of scientific and philosophical import of the East in large numbers, so Cordova with the university and its library capable of rivaling Baghdad as a center of Islamic scholarship. Last Caliph of the Umayyad dynasty is Hisham II who ruled from 976-1009 AD Umayyad dynasty after dynasty was replaced by Murabhitun.
1. Yusuf bin Tasyfin (1062-1086 AD)
Yusuf bin Tasyfin from Murabhitun dynasty from North Africa, he moved the capital to Marakesy.
1. Abd Al-Munim (1146-1212 AD)
Abd Al-Munim from the Almohads dynasty succeeded dynasty seized power from Murabhitun. In 1212 the Christian forces suffered major kemenagan Las Navas de Tolesa, successive defeats led Almohads dynasty rulers were forced to flee back to North Africa in the year 1235 AD In the year 1238 AD, the city of Cordova which is the center of Islamic civilization in Spain fell to the Christian forces, followed by the city of Seville in 1248 AD throughout Spain again successfully controlled by Christian forces except the city of Granada.
After Almohads dynasty returned to North Africa, Islamic rule in Spain was replaced by Bani Ahmar (1232-1492M) which only power in the city of Granada alone. At that time Islam again progressed as in the An-Nasir Abdurrahman, but then there was a dispute between the caliph Saad ibn Ahmar with his son named Abu Abdullah Muhammad. Abu Abdullah was not happy because it shows his other brother became caliph replacement.
In a crisis arises rebellion was led by Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Saad succeeded in killing the caliph Ahmar. His next he was replaced by Mohammed bin Saad who is the younger brother of Abu Abdullah himself. Abu Abdullah whose ambition to become caliph immediately asked for help from the Christian Spanish authorities named Ferdinand and his consort Queen Isabella. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella got rid of the caliph Muhammad ibn Sa'd and Abu Abdullah Muhammad. So ended Muslim rule in Spain in 1492 AD Muslims are faced with two choices: convert to Christianity or leave Spain. In 1609 AD, virtually no more Muslims in this area.
In the field of culture and science, Spanish Andalusian Islamic empire based in Cordova delivered many Islamic leaders are:
1. Philosophy
The main character in the history of Arab-Spanish philosophy is Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Al Sayigh better known as Ibn Bajja, born in Saragosa who later moved to Seville and Granada. In a very young age, he died in the city of Fez because of poisoning in 1138 AD The results of his work include Tadbir al-Mutawahhid. Another character is Abu Bakr bin Thufail from Wady ash east of Granada, he died in 1185. Abu Bakr bin Thufail much writing about medicine, astronomy and philosophy. Her masterpiece is the famous Hay ibn Yaqzhan. Philosophy's most famous character called Ibn Rushd (Averusd) of Cordova. He was born in the year 1126 AD and died in 1198 AD, he spent many years researching the philosophy of harmony with philosophy and religion. Among his other works of al-Mujtahid Bidayah.
1. Field of science and science
- Abbas Bin Farnas, chemistry expert and Astronomy. He was the first to discover the manufacture of glass stones.
- Ibrahim bin Yahya Al-Naqqas known in the science of astronomy, he can estimate when the eclipse. Finding modern binoculars to determine the distance between the solar system and the stars.
- Ahmad bin Ibas in Cordova is an expert in the field of medicine.
- Umm Al Hasan bint Abi Jakfar medicine is one of the leading Islamic women.
1. Field History and geography
- Ibn Jubair of Valencia (1145-1228 AD), wrote about the Muslim countries in the Mediterranean and Sicilia.
- Ibn Batuthah of Tangier (1304-1377 AD) was a historian of Islam who reached Pasai Ocean and China.
- Ibn al-Khatib (1317-1374 AD) managed to put together a history of the history of the city of Granada.
- Ibn Khaldun of Tunisia, was born in the year 1332 AD Formulating history later settled in Spain, he died in Baghdad Iraq in the year 1406 AD Her essays include Al Ihbar.
1. Field of Fiqh
Kingdom of Andalusia in Spain adheres to understand Maliki Fiqh famous Spanish figures are Ziyad ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn Yahya, Abdurrahman ibn Hisham, Ibn Hazm, Abu Bakr Ibn Al Quthiyah, Munzir Ibn Said Al-Baluthi.
1. Field Music and Arts
Her characters include Hasan ibn Nafi famous for his Zaryab.
1. Language and Literature
Her characters include Sayyidih Ibn Ibn Malik, Ibn Khuruf, Ibn Al-Hajj, Abu Ali al-Isybili.
Until now, Muslims anywhere in the world still remember the greatness of the Islamic kingdom of Andalusia in Spain, the advancement of civilization and science to be an example for Christians and Europe.
With the convenience of Islam can master various nations, which of course comes from the help of God Almighty Subhanau. And as for the Muslim decline was due to the wrath of God upon evil and morally poor Muslims of his time.
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