THE TRAIL IN INDONESIA ISLAMIC CALIPHATE

Not many Muslims, especially in Indonesia, who knew that in March this year by the count of 83 AD and 86 years according to the Hijri count, exactly on March 3, 1924, the Islamic Caliphate based in Turkey shattered by the British colonial power through his legs , Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. Muslims rightly concerned-as millions of Muslims around the world, including in Indonesia, which was unusual in those sad-watched global Islamic political institutions were undermined.
Yes, we deserve concerned and troubled because:
First, the Caliphate is a political institution that has been in-nubuwwah the Apostle of Allah. since 14 centuries ago:.
Once the children of Israel have always led and maintained his business by the prophets. Every prophet died, another prophet replace. Surely there is no prophet after me. However, there will be plenty of Caliph. (Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim).
Second, Khilafahlah more than 13 centuries protect and unite the Muslim world, with all the progress of civilization, the glory of the institution and the prosperity of its citizens. Even Muslim Indonesia has ever felt the attention and concern of the Caliphate, something that was not known by the Muslims in this country.
However, the following article is not intended to "mourn" its destruction. This paper is intended to be easy to forget that we are not just our own history as Muslims, especially in Indonesia, which is recognized or not, are colored by the color of Islam. Even traces of Sharia and Khilafah in Indonesia can actually be traced to a number of references and historical evidence could be accounted for.
Early entry of Islam
Islam entered Indonesia in the 7th century. It was there that cruise lines are crowded and internationally through the waterway linking the Tang Dynasty in China, the Srivijaya in Southeast Asia and the Umayyads in West Asia since the 7th century. (Prof. Dr. Uka Tjandrasasmita, Thematic Encyclopedia of the Islamic World in Southeast Asia, the arrival and spread of Islam, 2002, New Ichtiar Van Hoeve, Jakarta, p. 9-27).
An Islamic sultanate called Sultanate Peureulak established on 1 Muharram 225H 839M or 12 years old November. Similarly, the Kingdom of Ternate in 1440. Other Islamic kingdoms in Maluku is Tidore and the Kingdom Bacan. Other Islamic institutions in the Sultanate of Borneo is Sambas, Pontianak, Banjar, Sand, Bulungan, Tanjungpura, Mempawah Sintang and Kutai. In Sumatra at least represented by the imperial institution Peureulak, Pasai Ocean, Aceh Darussalam, Palembang. The sultanates in Java are: the Sultanate of Demak Sultanate followed by Jipang, followed Sultanate Display and continued by the Sultanate of Mataram, Cirebon and Banten. In Sulawesi, Kitschy applied in the Kingdom of Gowa and Tallo institutions, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng and Luwu. In Nusa Tenggara application of Islam there held in the institution of the Sultanate of Bima. (Thematic Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: Khilafah in the "Eastern Islamic World", PT. Ichtiar New Vab Hoeve, Jakarta. 2002).
Traces of Islamic Sharia Implementation
Over time, Islamic law is applied thoroughly and systemically in Indonesia. AC Milner said that Aceh and Banten Islamic kingdom in the archipelago is the most strictly adheres to Islamic law as the law of the state in the 17th century. In Banten, penalties against thieves by cutting off hands for theft of $ 1 gram of gold has been carried out in 1651-1680 AD under Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Sultan Iskandar Muda had to apply the law of stoning against his own son named Meurah Pupok who committed adultery with the wife of an officer. Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam having Islamic constitution called the Book of Peoples Natural Crown. Sultan Iskandar Muda Alaudin and ordered the execution of the obligation to pray five times a day and fasting overnight closely. Punishment administered to those who violate the rules. (Musyrifah Sunanto, 2005).
Kingdom of Demak as the Islamic kingdom in Java I have a qadi in the Sultanate position held by Sunan Kalijaga. De Graff and Th Pigeaud admit this. In the kingdom of Mataram was first made changes to the rule of law under the influence of Islamic law by Sultan Agung. Case of crimes fall under the court judged according to the book of retribution, that statute-books of Islamic law in the Sultan Agung.
In the economic sphere Sultan Iskandar Muda issued a policy prohibition of usury. According Alfian deureuham Aceh was the first currency. Deureuham terms of Arabic dirhams. Additionally Pasai Ocean Empire during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Malik az-Zahir (1297/1326) has issued gold coins. (The Economy of the Sultanate; Encyclopedia of the Islamic World Thematic: Khilafah in the "Eastern Islamic World", PT. Ichtiar New Vab Hoeve, Jakarta. 2002).
Relations with the Caliphate
In addition to the application of Islamic Sharia, the Islamic Khilafah archipelago relationship was established. In the year 100 H (718 AD) King of Srivijaya named Jambi Srindravarman sent a letter to the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz of the Umayyad Caliphate. The king asked the preacher sent to explain Islam to him. Two years later, in 720 AD, King Srindravarman, which was originally Hindu, Islam. Sriwijaya Jambi also known as the Islamic Sribuza. (Ayzumardi Azra, 2005).
Some bearers of the message of Islam is also a direct emissary sent by the Caliph through amilnya. 808H/1404M year is the start time clerical delegates Caliph Muhammad I to Java (which later known as Walisongo). Each period was the messenger who remain and some are replaced. Delivery is carried out for five periods. (Rahimsyah, Story of Wali Songo, tt, Surabaya Great Work, p. 6).
Bernard Lewis (2004) states that in 1563 the Muslim ruler of Aceh to send a delegation to Istanbul to ask for help against the Portuguese. Dikirimlah 19 warships and a number of other ships transporting weapons and supplies; though only one or two ships that arrived in Aceh.
This relationship appears also in the bestowal of honorary titles. Abdul Qadir from the Sultanate of Banten, for example, the year 1048 H (1638 AD) was awarded the title of Sultan Mahmud Abdul Kadir Abulmafakir by Zaid Sharif, Sharif of Mecca at that time. Stimulation of the Sultanate of Mataram Prince earned a sultan of the Sharif of Mecca in 1051 H (1641 AD) with the title of Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Matarami. (Encyclopedia of the Islamic World Thematic Southeast Asia, 2002). Even Banten since the beginning of Islam regards itself as a kingdom, and of course including the Dar al-Islam under the leadership of Caliph of the Ottoman Empire in Istanbul. (Thematic Encyclopedia of the Islamic World, Political Structure and Scholars: Sultanate of Bantam, 2002).
In addition, Snouck Hurgrounye, as quoted by Deliar Noer, revealed that most of the people at large in Indonesia, see stambol (Istanbul, the capital of Ottoman Caliph) maintain a position as the king of all the faithful and permanent (regarded) as the king of kings in world. (Deliar Noer, 1991).
Dutch colonists Eliminating Traces It
In the colonial period, the Dutch attempted to abolish the application of Islamic law by almost all Islamic sultanates in Indonesia. One of the important steps taken and the Netherlands is a secular political thought slipped through Snouck Hurgronye. He insists that colonialism is not the enemy of Islam as a religion. (H. Aqib Suminto, 1986).
From the view of the Dutch colonial Snouck then attempted to weaken and destroy Islam in 3 ways. First: to suppress political and institutional / political Islamic government. Dihapuslah Islamic sultanate. An example is the Bantam. Since the Dutch master Batavia, Banten Sultanate of Islam attacked and destroyed immediately. The entire implementation of Islam repealed and replaced by colonial rule.
Second: through the cooperation of the king / emperor by the Dutch. This is evident in the Islamic kingdom of Demak. The implementation of Islamic Sharia depends on the attitude sultannya. In the kingdom of Mataram, for example, the implementation of Islam began to decline from the Mataram Kingdom Amangkurat I led a collaboration with the Netherlands.
Third: to spread the orientalists are maintained by the colonial government. The Dutch government made Kantoor voor Inlandsche zaken more famous for religious offices (government adviser on indigenous issues). This office is in charge of making the ordinance (law) a castrate and destroy Islam. One of the leaders is Snouck Hurgronye. Issued: Religious Courts Ordinance 1882, which meant that politics do not interfere in matters of religion (secularism); Education Ordinance, which placed Islam as a rival to be faced; Master Ordinance of 1905 which requires each teacher has permission to Islam; Ordinance Wild School in 1880 and 1923, which is an attempt to assassinate Islamic schools. Islamic School as the school was placed wild. (H. Aqib Suminto, 1986).
Thus, Islamic law began to be replaced by the Dutch with secular laws. Secular laws has continued until now. As a result, it is not incorrect to say that the laws in force in the country today is a legacy of the occupiers; something that it should have been removed by the Muslims, as they used to successfully get rid of the invaders: the Netherlands.
Never Struggle Off
Although the Dutch hugely successful in removing the Islamic law in the archipelago, the Muslims in this country is never silent. The struggle to re-establish Islamic sharia continues. On October 16, 1905 stood SI, formerly the Trade SI Islam. This milestone should resurrection Indonesia, Budi Utomo not stand 1908 with education is driven by the Dutch. KH Ahmad Dahlan, Muhammadiyah founded in 1912 by social movements and education. The Student Park, Ki Hajar Dewantara newly established in 1922. Indeed, as the father of KH Ahmad Dahlanlah education. (H. Endang Saefuddin Ansari, 1983).
At the time of the first election in 1955, Masyumi is the first and largest Islamic party that clearly fight for the establishment of Islamic law in Indonesia. Birth of the Jakarta Charter on June 22, 1945 was one of the highlight of the Muslim struggle in enforcing Islamic law in Indonesia.
Moreover, the history of the struggle of Islam in Indonesia can not be separated from the agenda of the Islamic Caliphate. After the Islamic Khilafah Ustmaniyah disbanded in March 3, 1924, scholars and leaders of Indonesian Islamic movement responded by forming the Caliphate Committee established in Surabaya on October 4, 1924, the chairman Wondosudirdjo (Sarikat Islam) and his deputy KH A. Wahab Hasbullah (see: The flag of Islam, October 16, 1924). The Congress decided to send a delegation to Cairo Caliphate Congress consisting of Surjopranoto (Sarikat Islam), Haji Fachruddin (Muhammadiyah), and KH. A. Wahab of the tradition. (Baroe Indies, January 9, 1925). KH A. Wahab became known as one of the founders of the largest Islamic organizations in Indonesia, Nahdhatul Ulama.
All historical evidence shows false accusations various parties-who reject Islamic Shariah and Khilafah-that Indonesia has never known formalization of Islamic law by the state, let alone the Caliphate.